The Growing Importance Of Ethical Business Managers

The Growing Importance of Ethical Business Managers Julia Shaw Hillary Shaw (2010) describe that the need for ethical business managers and practices has never been greater. Recent financial scandals have exposed issues in the management decision-making process, suggesting a need to develop the necessary analytical and empathetic qualities so future corporate leaders may be moral managers (Julia Shaw Hillary Shaw, 2010). This recent pattern of business misconduct (Michaelson, 2015) and single-minded pursuit of profit has made the promotion of ethical values a key concern for modern business organizations (Julia Shaw Hillary Shaw, 2010). This paper will discuss how literary fiction (i.e. novels, literature, narrative, fiction, drama, comics) can help organizations develop ethical managers by discussing (1) the growing importance of ethical business managers (2) the benefits of a novel approach to business ethics, and (3) the moral value of literary fiction to business. During the past few years, many companies have seen their reputations plummet in the wake of various corporate scandals (Julia Shaw Hillary Shaw, 2010). With this context of an amoral and inept set of global management practices, Julia Shaw Hillary Shaw (2010) propose the need for a new breed of manager, namely the moral manager. While Eastwood describes that â€Å"leadership is an essentially moral act,† he elaborates that there is a disconnection between this notion and the behavior of some businessShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1471 Words   |  6 PagesReview Nowadays, the concern for business ethics is growing rapidly in the business community around the world. Business ethics are focused on the judgment of decisions taken by managers and their behaviors. The issue regarding these judgments is the norms and cultures that shape these judgments. Business ethics are concerned about the issue, how will the issue be solved and how will it move ahead along the transition analysis as well (Carroll, 2014). Business ethics can be addressed at differentRead MoreEthical and Socially Responsive Business1082 Words   |  5 PagesEthical and Socially Responsive Business Ethics and social responsibility are important areas within Chipotle Mexican Grill’s business. Both areas have an interactive relationship that plays a role in building profitable businesses as well as a well-rounded community. Ethics refer to sets of beliefs about right and wrong; and business ethics involve the application of these issues in the workplace. The universal ethical standards, which involve trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairnessRead MoreBeing a Good Leader1744 Words   |  7 Pagesmanaging their respective responsibilities. It is not enough to simply manage tasks and perform your delegated responsibilities any more employees are expected to take initiative and motivate those around them to also be leaders even if you are not a manager by title. In order to be a leader, one must start by making a commitment and learn those skills needed to model the way and be examples to others. As our organizations become more diverse, being able to manage ethic s and diversity is also importantRead MoreManagers Need to Know how to Budget1862 Words   |  7 PagesKnowing about finance can help managers and leadership significantly because it allows them to understand the needs for budgeting. This revolves around income statements, balance sheets, cost of goods and earning statements. I have learned more information on how budgeting, if done correctly, can help reduce debt significantly. Knowing the important functions and goals of financial management can help organization thrive because their leadership and department managers understand the issues that canRead MoreOutline And Outline Of Organizational Development And Strategies1717 Words   |  7 Pagescyber-security. B. What ethical implications must be considered and addressed by the technology manager in implementing these strategies? A. Describe how organizational structure, culture and decision making strategies play a key role in the effective implementation of cyber-security. Cybersecurity has, in the past few years, emerged as one of the most significant issues of discussion among company board of directors and leaders. The frequency of data breaches has been growing in the recent past,Read MoreIntegrating Sustainable Business Practices to an Organization1567 Words   |  6 Pages In today’s world of business the role of leadership team has been to integrate sustainable business practices into the organisations and ethics are key agenda items (Smart et al., 2010).Businesses can be tempted to make short-term gains by turning a blind eye to ethics that will lead to the loss of reputation (Barman et al.,2010). Thierry Pilenko said that â€Å"It is in the power of the leaders, stakeholders and employees to make sure that the ethics are the core values in order to maintain good reputation†Read MoreInternal And External Factors Affecting Mcdonalds1468 Words   |  6 PagesMcDonald’s corporation and demands for new innovations. The factors are as follows: Internal Factors: Internal factors are the factors within the company, which affects the success and operation of business. The company can control these factors. Effective internal management is the key to the successful business. 1. Employees: McDonalds totally relies on its employees in all perspectives. But, McDonald’s was criticized for lower wages and having a high turnover ratio. 2. Products and Services: McDonaldRead MoreMilton Friedman And The Social Responsibility Of Business Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesFreeman et al. on CSR A. â€Å"The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits†, written by Milton Freeman (1970). Milton Friedman took a â€Å"Shareholder Approach† to social responsibility. This approach asserts that shareholders advance capital to a company’s managers, who are supposed to spend corporate funds only in ways that have been authorized by the shareholders. Friedman wrote: There is one and only one social responsibility of business to use its resources and engage in activities designedRead MoreThe Concept Of Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesThe Concept of Corporate Social Responsibility According to Pearce Robinson (2014), corporate social responsibility (CSR) is â€Å"the idea that business has a duty to serve society in general as well as the financial interests of stockholders.†(P.56) The concept of corporate social responsibility of the business operation must comply with sustainable development idea; the company should not only consider its own financial and operating conditions, but also think of its impacts on the social and environmentRead More5 Mhr Essay1296 Words   |  6 Pagesidentified organisation you are familiar with consisting of five clear and distinct statements. Each should reflect your view of current and future priorities. Go on to justify your choice, making reference to major developments in the organisations business environment. | AC 1.1, 1.2 | Candidates are expected to identify up to three major organisational objectives that the HR function is responsible for delivering, explain how these objectives are evolving in relation t o changes in the work environment

Introduction to Communication - 1078 Words

Introduction to communication Communication is the task of relaying information which involves exchange of ideas, messages, and information through the use of speech, visuals, signals, writing or behaviour between two or more living creatures. Communication may be intentional or unintentional, may involve conventional or unconventional signals, may take linguistic or non-linguistic forms, and may occur through spoken or other modes(Wikipedia 2014).. The main aim of communicating is to get your information across it doesn’t necessarily have to be understood. Effective communication is the process through which a message is sent to an intended receiver and it is understood by him/her before sending back the required response (Ask n.d). Effective communication happens when a desired effect is the result of intentional or unintentional information being exchanged which is decoded by between multiple entities and acted on in a desired way (Wikipedia 2014).The ability to give desire d feedback is the first important part of effective communication Communication process Communication happens in a loop in the sense that it is a continuous thing starting from the sender’s message down to the receiver’s feedback. The communication process is made up of several process. These several processes could be grouped as follows (Effective communication skills, 2012, p. 8,9,10): †¢ Source †¢ Message †¢ Encoding †¢ Channel †¢ Decoder †¢ Receiver †¢ Feedback †¢ Context This I call the chain ofShow MoreRelatedIntroduction to Communication1724 Words   |  7 Pages 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION * Introduction * Definition of communication * Elements and function of communication 2 VISUAL , VERBAL AND WRITTEN IN COMMUNICATION * Visual Communication * Verbal and Nonverbal Communication * Written in Communication 3 ADAGE : ‘A PICTURERead MoreAn Introduction to Intercultural Communication29172 Words   |  117 PagesAn Introduction to Intercultural Communication Intercultural communication is of importance to international businesses as it examines how people from different cultures, beliefs and religions come together to work and communicate with each other. Demands for intercultural communication skills are increasing as more and more businesses go global or international. They realize that there are barriers and limitations when entering a foreign territory. Without the help of intercultural communicationRead MoreIntroduction to Business Communications Essay1194 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction to Business Communications Report: 2/21/2013 Paragraph 1: Your Vision for the Company What does it means to be a ‘’good ‘’Communicator? A good communicator is an individual that can listen, organized, clarity, a being sincere. Understanding their communication style, because understanding your communication style is the key to being a great communicator whether it is being aggressive, passive, or passive aggressive. After knowing your communicating style you must be able to useRead MoreCommunication Introduction Worksheet Essay725 Words   |  3 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Communication Introduction Worksheet In your own words, please answer the following questions. Each response should be written as an academic paragraph of at least 150 words. Be clear and concise, and be sure to explain your answers. If you cite any sources, use APA format. Paragraph QUESTIONS 1. WHAT IS THE TEXTBOOK DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION? WHAT DOES COMMUNICATION MEAN TO YOU PERSONALLY? GIVE AN EXAMPLE. (150 WORDS) Answers will vary. The textRead MoreIntroduction. The Importance Of Communication Is The Needed1128 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The importance of communication is the needed basis in nursing practice. Communication is often dependent on the verbal and nonverbal communication (Marshall Stevens, 2015). Also behavioural along with speech aspects, skilled transfer with receiving of the nurse-patient information starts productive relationships or defiantly, it develops significant repercussions if used in an improper way. This essay will converse the importance of verbal with non-verbal communication in establishingRead MorePatient Safety And Interdisciplinary Communication. Introduction.1621 Words   |  7 PagesInterdisciplinary Communication Introduction Communication between patients and all members of their health team is essential for positive outcomes for the patient Following the seven principles of communication, utilizing communication tools to improve interdisciplinary communication such as SBAR and team huddles, and the importance of ethical principles are ways to maximize communication between all members of the patients’ health care team. Principles of Communication Ineffective communication betweenRead MoreIntroduction And Background Study On Wireless Communication2246 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction and Background Study Wireless communication types are such that electro-magnetic waves are used for the transmission of signals, as opposed to the traditional wires. This is done over some parts of the path used for communication or the entire system used for communication (Tiarawut, 2013). In addition to communication tools, some systems used for purposes of monitoring are also categorized as wireless and some of them include alarms, which are meant to detect intruders to a given placeRead MoreFiber Optic Communication Systems And Introduction2546 Words   |  11 Pagesï€   Fiber Optic Communication Systems and Introduction to SONET/SDH (December 2014) Pravalika Nagulapally, (012600326) Abstract— This paper explains about the Evolution of fiber optic networks in Communications. It describes in detail about the Optics communication model and also detailed MATLAB work on calculating the parameters that are required to setup a optical link. It also emphasizes on different bands employed in Communication systems. The section three of the paper describes briefly regardingRead MoreIntroduction . The Term Communication Came From Latin Word1548 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION The term communication came from Latin word Communis which means common . It also means â€Å"to make known. Iceland Foods is a special British food retailer. It has over 880 stores throughout the UK and also some in Europe. Malcolm Walker and another bored, young retailer took a decision to open a shop in 1970. In November 1970 they raised capital of 60$ to pay the rent of the shop in Oswestry, Shropshire and named it Iceland. There were 15 stores by 1975. The company introducedRead MoreChapter 1. Introduction. 1.1 Background. Wireless Communication1297 Words   |  6 Pages CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Wireless communication is one of the most booming area in the field of communication technology .While past decades has shown surge improvement of research activities in the area. First there has been a rapid increase in cellular telephony. Second the advancement in VLSI technology which has proven the low power implementation of signal processing and coding techniques. Third the successful outcome of 2G (second

What Is a Commuter Campus

There are many choices for college and among them are what is often called a commuter campus. Unlike schools that have housing on campus, students at commuter campuses tend to live off campus and commute to class. What Is a Commuter Campus? Commuter campuses include many of the technical schools and community colleges. These schools tend to focus on the training and teaching rather than a traditional college campus life that includes football games, dorms, and Greek houses. Students that attend commuter campuses live off campus. Some choose to live at home with their parents while others find an apartment. These schools are also filled with non-traditional students as well. Many older adults may return to college later in life and already have their own families, jobs, and homes. In general, a commuter campus offers little or no on-campus housing. However, some may have an apartment complex nearby that caters to students of that school. This situation can offer a community experience similar to dorms for young college students moving to a new city. Life on a Commuter Campus Commuter campuses have a significantly different feel than residential campuses. Many students on a commuter campus choose to leave right after class. The study groups, extra-curricular activities and other programs associated with  typical  college life are generally not available. On weekends, the population of a commuter campus can go from 10,000 to a few hundred. Evenings tend to be quieter too. Many community colleges are trying to combat this feeling, which can often seem sterile and leave students feeling unconnected with others outside of the classroom. They are offering fun activities, intramural sports, and more programs to engage their college community and transform that business-only atmosphere. Find Housing for Commuter College Students If your child is going to attend a commuter college in another city or state, then you will need to look for off-campus housing. Here are a few tips for finding that first apartment: Begin at the Admissions Office When enrolling at the school, ask them about housing resources. These schools are used to the question and will often have a list of resources available. Some commuter schools have a few dorm opportunities available though they will go fast. Be sure to get on their list right away if you are interested in these. The admissions office can also give you advice about neighborhoods to avoid or those with good options for public transportation to campus. Many of these schools will have a large apartment complex or a number of small ones nearby that work almost exclusively with the colleges students. They are often priced reasonably for a student budget and can feel like a small community of students. Also, look for roommate opportunities, either through the school or apartment complex. Many students are will to split the cost of housing, but be careful to choose a good roommate! Classified Ads Use the local classified ads listings to find affordable apartments in the area. Be sure to look early enough because many of the best deals rent quickly.   For the fall semester, begin looking in May and June when last years students are leaving. The market will be very competitive throughout the summer, particularly if the school is big or there are other colleges in the same town.

The Truth Of Life As Expressed By Great Authors - 1894 Words

to grips with the truth of life as expressed by great authors†, Fellowes turned to the experiences of others as told through literature in his search for truth (1). In the end, Fellowes’ journey benefited him greatly. His education in English served him well in the business world when after years of teaching he took a management job at his brother’s business, â€Å"I needed words, carefully chosen and arranged, in order to help others understand what I had observed and the conclusions I was drawing.† Fellowes believes in the power of a general education stating, â€Å"Study of liberal arts can lead to moral understandings that are invaluable to success in whatever one attempts in life.† A degree in the humanities provides more than technical skills†¦show more content†¦Their minds are not as open to trying on new perspectives and studying the liberal arts seems like a waste of time, something Americans frown upon. According to an article titled â€Å"Colleges are Obsolete† featured in a 1965 issue of the Saturday Evening Post, the purpose of a college education was evolving during this time. The president of the College Entrance Examination Board told the Post, â€Å"The arguments for going to college that are now in use are basically economic. They are only occasionally intellectual or even cultural† (10). Robert M. Hutchins, author of the piece, believed liberal education was in need of a â€Å"new home† even in the mid 1960’s, because American universities were no longer dedicated to developing an understanding of the self and society. He blamed the fact that students go to college with a specialty already in mind and in search of financial success as opposed to self discovery. The same could be said of students today. A young person concerned about the logistics of his future seeks reassurance by pursuing a degree in a field that should certainly lead to a high paying job. He will find comfort in working towards what awaits him after graduation. Schools then cater to this mindset by adjusting liberal arts requirements. Students are fearful of the idea of an uncertain future and although no college degree can make one’s future certain, they often want a degree in a field that has a specific destination. Graduating with a degree in the humanitiesShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of `` August Showers `` By Charlotte Perkins Gilman955 Words   |  4 Pagesfemale authors. With this came a new style of writing, feminism. They wrote on their own belief and advocating for gender equality. We can see issues, highlighting feminism in several stories. Some in particular like â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† shows how women are overlooked by men. In the story â€Å"April Showers† we see how hard it is to pursue a career as a woman. The last story, â€Å"Speech to the American Equal Rights Association shows the hardship that comes through labo r for women. American author of theRead MorePatriarchy In Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper932 Words   |  4 PagesPatriarchal ideology is expressed in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† that constructs the concept that women are submissive and inferior, but the breaking of patriarchy gives truth to womankind. Author Charlotte Perkins Gilman writes her short story in the form of a first person diary, written by an unnamed woman, or Jane. The diary accounts Jane’s descent into insanity as a result of her quasi-imprisonment in her room with yellow wallpaper. Jane’s husband, John, is a doctor, and according to Jane, â€Å"he doesRead MoreEscape from Reason and 10 Books that Screwed up the World and 5 others that Didnt Help1337 Words   |  6 PagesScrewed up the World Introduction Although the ultimate truth from God never changes, people’s rules and thought change. For this reason, as people change their standard and laws away from God’s truth, they face difficulties. To get through difficulties, people tried to find better way from their thinking. Even though people know that trading the truth with lies bring only destruction, they reject the truth. Furthermore, they say that the truth is the one brings destruction to the world. Because ofRead MoreSuji Kwock Kims Monologue for an Onion1021 Words   |  5 PagesTruth comes from feelings and experiences influenced by values and society. Images of wants and needs are created based on perceptions and daily life practices of the things people think should be. In the poem â€Å"Monologue for an Onion† by Suji Kwock Kim, the author depicts a reality of truth and perception among the use of tone. By exploring the values of structure, and theme, one analyzes the truths behind the poem and relat es the pitiful and mocking tone to important attributes of each characterRead More17th Century Witers: The Age of Reason Essay1139 Words   |  5 Pagesat this time were influenced by these social revolutions, along with other historical events. Theories about emotion and reason sprung during this time period, which were expressed in literature by poets and authors such as Robert Herrick, William Shakespeare, and Thomas Hobbes. Shakespeare’s play, King Lear is a great representation on the relationship of reason and emotion. The design of reason and emotion was being developed during the 17th century. They related the ideas of emotionRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1413 Words   |  6 Pagesa fancy term that s indicate the life that all Americans dream of. Freedom, rich, diversity of opportunity, respect, popular,... Basically a perfect ideal of life! But what happen when you reach the perfectness? Isn t the value of perfect is no more valuable anymore? And American Dream will become meaningless? Through the glass of Fitzgerald, the story The Great Gatsby has genuinely portrayed the picture of the American Dream, which also revealed the truth behind its glamorousness. The storyRead MoreAmerica s Influence On America993 Words   |  4 PagesIn the beginning America was mothered by England. Writers expressed how they felt about America, who America was, and what it meant. The writers all had different points of view, but many thought America would be or should be on her own. Writers like Thomas Paine, J. Hector St. John De Crà ©vecoeur, and Thomas Jefferson thought America was st rong enough to be independent. Between 1765 and 1790, the contradicting ideas of writers surrounding the definition of America built the identity of America throughRead MoreEssay on Reading The Book of Revelation1258 Words   |  6 Pagesperhaps one of the most complex and polyvalent biblical texts accessible to modern readers, and has been the source of many differing and divergent interpretations and readings. This is due in large part to the richly detailed language and imagery the author has placed within the book as well as the vast array of content. Both of these features function within the text to produce a book that is extremely difficult to describe within the traditional literary conceptions of genre and structure, which,Read MoreThomas Aquinas View Of Faith Essay1258 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieves that faith is a virtue that requires balance. Buddhist Bokin Kin sees Christian faith as a path towards truth, light, and life. Or, faith can lead you to see miracles in the natural world. Lastly, I view faith as a tool as a means to grow closer to God. Faith is different person to person, it’s unique to the user, and ultimately, is a cause for reflective thinking. Thomas Aquinas expressed his view of faith in his Sermon-Conferences of St. Thomas Aquinas on the Apostles’ Creed as an absolute mustRead MoreA Room Of One s Own By Virginia Woolf1545 Words   |  7 PagesRoom of One’s Own†, the author Virginia Woolf uses stories of interruptions which occur during a short period in a Mary’s life. The narrative tactic of interrupting this lady’s thought processes was used to explain a point about the nature of truth as well as to support the overarching argument that a woman needs a room of her own. The ability of women to write depends on their perceptions, but the barriers and blockades in the world prevent a woman from writing the truths that are found through introspection

Legislation for Students in Special Education Programs Free Essays

Public jurisprudence 94-142 Part B of the Education of the Handicapped Act ( 1975 ) states that a free and appropriate public instruction must be provided for all kids with disablements in the United States ( those up to 5 old ages old may be excluded in some provinces ) . ( Hardman, A ; Drew, 2008 ) In 1974 amendments to ESEA and EHA were passed ( Public jurisprudence 93-380 ) in order to increase fiscal aid to provinces to supply services to kids with disablements. This jurisprudence besides included linguistic communication that informed school territories that federal assistance for plans for pupils with disablements would be dependent on provinces developing programs for adequate services for kids with disablements. We will write a custom essay sample on Legislation for Students in Special Education Programs or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally, in 1975, The Landmark Education of All Handicapped Children Act ( EHA ) ; Public Law 94-124 ) was passed. This jurisprudence requires that all pupils have entree to liberate and allow public instruction that is provided in the least restrictive environment. Under Public Law 94-142, schools were required to supply service merely for kids of school age. But In 1986, public jurisprudence 99-457 was passed. This jurisprudence mandated particular instruction services for kids ages 3-5 and provided fiscal inducements to provinces to supply services for kids ages birth to 3. I can merely conceive of the troubles that schools had to face before PublicA jurisprudence 94-142 was passed. But even after 1975 kids with disablements who were non yet in schools ( ages 3-5 ) had no rights that support their educational demands either. It took eleven old ages for the jurisprudence to be revised. Hardman, M, A ; Drew, C. ( 2008 ) . Human exceptionality scool, community and household. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company The American with Disabilities Act ( ADA ) Persons with disablements education Act ( IDEA ) Agencies for Students in Particular Education II. Students with Learning Disabilities Emotional/behavioral Disorders ( EBD ) Intellectual disablement Communication upsets Physical disablements III. The Individualized Education plan ( IEP ) The intent of IEP Who is involved? Developing the individualised instruction plan Developmentally appropriate pattern is instructional attack that uses course of study and larning environments consistent with the kid ‘s development degree. It uses more child-initiated acquisition by promoting kids to research their involvements through drama. It besides encourages household engagement. Age appropriate arrangement on the other manus is the arrangement of pick for all pupils with or without particular demands that are within chronologically age appropriate regular schoolrooms. Students with disabilities have the same environment as non-handicapped equals of similar age in order to better the quality of interactions in those environments. Inclusive preschool schoolrooms are designed to run into the demands of each kid. Classrooms are staffed by extremely trained professionals in both kid attention and particular instruction. In add-on, the schoolroom physical environment supports all of the users. The kids have all of their day-to-day activities together and th e kids are seen as persons and it is recognized that all kids are on a continuum of development. I believe the â€Å" Best Plan † depends upon the specific demands of the kid. Developmentally appropriate course of study should supply for all countries of a kid ‘s development ; physical, emotional, societal, lingual, and cognitive.The course of study should besides construct upon what kids already know and are able to make to consolidate their acquisition and to further their acquisition of new constructs and accomplishments. Integrated scenes have, in fact, been found to bring forth higher proportions, rates, and degrees of societal, cognitive, and lingual accomplishments in kids with disablements than unintegrated scenes. IV. Teacher ‘s Roles in the Classroom Particular instruction instructors compile, organize and keep good accurate records on each pupil and work straight with the pupil ‘s parents to guarantee that they are familiar with what is being taught. Since the particular instruction instructor needs to cognize whom to depend on for role- specific advice, he or she has the duty to organize the pupil ‘s individualised instruction plan by maintaining the line of communicating unfastened with each squad member. The General instruction instructor ‘s function is critical ; he or she provides support for pupils by repeating or lucubrating on the pupil ‘s verbal parts. The instructor assesses the general course of study and aids in finding appropriate positive behavioural intercessions and schemes for the pupil and provides services and plans alterations. Professionals who collaborate trust one another but coaction and audience will work in a school if, and merely if, the people involved are prepared for the func tions. Understand their specific functions, and know the ends for the procedure Working with Children with Special Needs Intensive instructions Adaptive instructions Inclusive instruction VII. Passage to adult life Passage Servicess are designed to be within a results-oriented procedure, that is focused on bettering the academic and functional accomplishment of the kid with a disablement to ease the kid ‘s motion from school to post-school activities, including post-secondary instruction, vocational instruction, integrated employment ( including supported employment ) , go oning and big instruction, grownup services, independent life, or community engagement. It is based on the single kid ‘s demands, taking into history the kid ‘s strengths, penchants, and involvements. The jurisprudence is really clear in saying that every effort must be made to guarantee that pupils take part meaningfully in their ain passage planning. IDEA ordinances require schools to affect the pupil in the planning procedure to the maximal extent possible, every bit good as to guarantee that the pupil ‘s penchants and involvements are considered in composing the ends and aims. The passage from school to adult life is a complex and dynamic procedure. Passage planning should stop with the transportation of support from the school to an grownup service bureau, entree to postsecondary instruction, or life as an independent grownup. ( Hardman, Drew, A ; Egan, 2008 ) Planing for pupil ‘s future requires the position of multiple people who are vested in the pupil ‘s life. IDEA 2004 requires that the planning squad include the parents ; at least one general instruction instructor ; the particular pedagogue who works with the pupil ; a representative of the school territory ; the school must besides ask for the pupil to go to the IEP/transition squad meeting and help the pupils in making his or her ends. What chances are available for pupils with disablements after they complete secondary school? Teachers, parents, households, and schools should go on to look for available community resources to assist pupils with disablements become more independent and passage from high school to the community. Many times there are authorities funded bureaus that have plans and services available for persons with transitional barriers. One of the bureaus that found to be helpful is The Job Accommodation Network ( JAN ) . It has an international toll-free consulting service that provides information about occupation adjustments and the employability of people with disablements. JAN besides provides information sing the Americans with Disabilities Act ( ADA ) . Another bureau is The National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability for Youth ( NCWD-Y ) . It offers proficient aid plans to assist the work force development community with issues that affect the employment of young person with disableme nts. The NCWD-Y besides seeks the aid of experts in disablement, instruction, employment and work force development issues to guarantee that young person with disablements are provide full entree to high quality services. Institutions of higher acquisition besides have different chances on their campuses for pupils with disablements. Postsecondary academies are one-day conferences-type events for high school juniors and seniors with a broad scope of disablements. Parents, instructors, passage specializers, and other high school staff are besides encouraged to go to. To to the full fix for the passage from school, pupils and parents must be educated about critical constituents of grownup services systems ; Self finding and societal accomplishments besides play a critical function in the successful passage from school to adult life. Students with disablements in the secondary school old ages need entree to societal activities in order to be successful in the community and the workplace. Competence in utilizing societal accomplishments will take to positive perceptual experiences of individuals with disablements in extended community scenes such as postsecondary instruction. How to cite Legislation for Students in Special Education Programs, Essay examples

Cats Cradle Reflection free essay sample

Society makes something up and pretends it’s something it’s not. For instance, religion says it has all the answer, but when it is examined closer, nothing is really there. † Throughout Vonnegut’s book â€Å"Cat’s Cradle,† Jonah exposes many examples of why he does not believe in Christianity or any other religion besides the one religion he established, Bokononism. I personally see where Jonah is coming from, the fact that there are statements in the old testament that we do not follow even though they may be stated more that once. Although, there are a couple of things that I agree on with Jonah and Bokononism; I concur with Liana Price’s Essay on â€Å"Understanding Religion Through Cat’s Cradle. † As stated in Cat’s Cradle earlier in the book; the old testament states expectations for Christians that are not even being considered and people are living around these â€Å"rules. We will write a custom essay sample on Cats Cradle Reflection or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † Vonnegut himself is a Humanist; he is not sure of God’s existence but values life above all else. Even though he does state in his latest novel Timequake that people need religion as something to turn on for comfort and support. I agree on this statement, I believe that humans need someone to think about, talk to, and to unconsciously ask favors too. Atheists are people who do not believe in the existence of any divine beings. Even though this is supposed to be their actual belief they still swear to God. Which to me personally sounds like they need someone to blame for. There are many reasons why people don’t â€Å"believe† in any divine beings but unconsciously they somehow do. Newt’s father and brother serve as an example in this novel of the scientific views of religion. Which is surprising being that technically Newt’s father did invent the atomic bomb that killed thousands of people and he is referred as â€Å" so innocent he was practically a Jesus. † How in the world is a man who killed thousands referred to as Jesus when in reality Jesus was killed to save thousands? This is oxymoronic; which is one of the reasons on why I disagree with Cat’s Cradle. Julian who calls himself a Bokononist because he agrees that all religions are lies which is what Bokononism is. He fits as a Bokononist because he recognizes that the need for religion is necessary to make someone feel better whether it is scientific, truthful or not. Ice Nine is a method of being able to freeze all bodies of water which are oceans , lakes, rivers, etc. Ice Nine was invented by Felix Hoenikker and his invention also has effect on humans. As soon as it touches human skin or has contact with the inside of the body all blood turns into ice and the person dies instantaneously. Bokonon gets trapped by the people of San Lorenzo and they tell him what God has done and ask what they should do. Bokonon wanting the easy way out, tells the people that God was surely trying to kill them. Bokonon wanted to give them a simple way out so he told them to touch the Ice Nine and their blood froze and they instantaneously died. Although, Bokonon being a genius himself did not take his own advice, because he knew it was worthless. Overall, Vonnegut is a great writer and can express himself in a very unique way that I admire. Although I do disagree with his book Cat’s Cradle. Bokononism is the religion of the belief that all religions are based on lies and people don’t need God. The people of San Lorenzo were targeted to become Bokononists and practice Bokonon’s beliefs. They ended up losing their lives because they believed that God was trying to kill them. I agree with most of the reflection of Liana Price about Bokononism.

Continuing Crisis in Tertiary Education of Developing and Transition Countries free essay sample

Caste- The unequal treatment for the students that come from the tribe or ethnic groups are very evident. -In Venezuela, the widespread preferential admission for students of University professors and employees is an example of positive discrimination in favor of the children of the already privileged intellectual elite. In India, efforts to reduce barriers that linked to caste but still the representation of students from different tribes and castes are still low. . Language – contribute to social inequality in countries where tertiary education is conducted in a language different from that of primary and secondary education. In Sri Lanka and Tanzania- English is the language of tertiary instruction but French is used in their everyday’s living. 3. Gender- it is also a barrier in the education of tertiary level. Gender differences in tertiary enrollment in some of the countries are very visible as shown in the table: Gender Disparity in Enrollment and Teacher Deployment, Selected Countries, 1997 Region and country| Combined primary- and secondary-level gross enrollment ratio| Tertiary-level students per 1,000 population| Proportion of women in tertiary education (percent)| Share of female teachers (percent)| | female| male| female| male| | Secondary| Tertiary| AfricaBotswanaMadagascarSouth AfricaAsiaCambodiaChinaIndiaIndonesiaKuwaitYemen, Rep. We will write a custom essay sample on Continuing Crisis in Tertiary Education of Developing and Transition Countries or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Latin AmericaBrazilColombiaGuyanaIndustrial CountriesAustriaNew ZealandUnited States| 935140689562796834898710210899| 9051478698818569908785104105100| 5. 51. 614. 60. 33. 34. 88. 125. 91. 111. 718. 28. 928. 249. 958. 4| 6. 41. 915. 91. 76. 17. 915. 219. 37. 310. 117. 110. 231. 340. 148. 2| 4745481636356213535248485656| 4364273637544862555756| 28293717-382831264039| Source: United Nations (2000) Under the gender inequalities, it includes also the lodging or location of nstitutions. Universities are typically located in urban areas limiting access for rural female students since families may be less inclined to permit daughters than sons to live outside the home in mixed-gender environment in urban areas. 4. Family Income- The major determinants of inequality in tertiary education. -In the availability of free tertiary education, still families with high income are the ones who have the higher chance or opportunity for free tertiary education. The children of high and middle income fam ilies who can afford to cost of high quality private secondary schools are usually better prepared to pass the public university entrance examination giving access to free higher education. -Families who can afford private tutoring in secondary level have better chance in competitive entrance examination that will avail their children for free tertiary education. The raised of fees in tertiary level made a noticeable decrease in the enrollment that is being felt not only in the Philippines but in other developing and transition countries. Remedies/Actions made by different countries to achieve equality in tertiary education. * In India despite special provision free tertiary education and reservation of places for students from scheduled castes and tribes, The actual percentage of enrolled students from this groups are still low because of the proportionally small number of minority students who completed primary and secondary education. * In the Philippines the free tertiary education are mostly availed by those students with a families of higher income that afford them of high quality education of private school that made a better chance for entrance examination. In South Africa the affirmative actions are still to be fully accessed whether successful or not, that is the admission of deserving black applicants who have not been given an adequate opportunity to demonstrate their ability to succeed. * Actions were also made in the inequality of the women from men in the tertiary level in Africa: In Ghana and Uganda â €“ they gave bonus points for women in taking admission examination so that more of them pass the cut off points. Evidently from that action enrollment of women in tertiary level increase from 27- 34 %. In Uganda and 21-27% in Ghana. In Tanzania, instead of giving bonus points they give a six- week remedial course for the women to give them a chance to pass the admission examinations . Inequalities in the education of tertiary level is a problem since time immemorial, but countries can do positive actions to eradicate the problem or to decrease if not to completely solve it. Focusing on financial aid such as scholarships, grants, and students Educational loans seem to be more effective form of equity interventions for capable aspirants from minority or under privileged populations. In addition stronger efforts must clearly be made mush earlier in a student’s educational career, particularly at the primary and secondary level, so that all students have equal opportunity to compete for entry to tertiary education. Gina A. Grezula MEM B Problems of Quality and Relevance Although there are exceptions, the quality and relevance of research, teaching, and learning have tended to decline in public tertiary education institutions in developing countries. Many universities operate with overcrowded and deteriorating physical facilities, limited and obsolete library resources, insufficient equipment and instructional materials, outdated curricula, unqualified teaching staff, poorly prepared secondary students, and an absence of academic rigor and systematic evaluation of performance. Similar conditions can be found in many of the new private universities and other tertiary institutions that have emerged in many countries, especially in those that lack a formal system for licensing or accrediting new institutions. In the formerly socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, drastic reductions in public funding are jeopardizing the quality and sustainability of existing programs and even the survival of entire institutions. In many countries the poor quality of teacher training programs has detrimental effects on the quality of learning in primary and secondary education. Weak secondary education and scienti? c literacy, in turn, do not arm high school graduates with the necessary skills for successful tertiary-level studies. Most universities in developing nations function at the periphery of the international scienti? c community, unable to participate in the production and adaptation of knowledge necessary to confront their countries’ most important economic and social problems. Although few countries have exhaustive data to document the depth of the problem systematically, in countries where information is available the situation is alarming. For example, in 1995 a task force on higher education in the Philippines concluded, after reviewing information on critical education inputs and the results of professional examinations for the 1,316 existing tertiary education institutions, that only 9 universities and 2 colleges in the country were comparable in quality to international institutions. In India highly regarded programs such as those of the Indian Institutes of Technology exist side by side with scienti? c and technical programs of poor quality and relevance. Even Russia, once a world leader in advanced science and technology fields such as theoretical physics, nuclear technology, and space technologies, has seen a collapse of its Ramp;D sector. As reported in a recent OECD publication, in Russia â€Å"? nancial crises, decaying equipment, unemployment and higher wages in other sectors drove large numbers of researchers . . . away from science and technology† (Cervantes and Malkin 2001). In both public and private institutions the lack of full-time quali? ed teachers is an important contributor to poor quality. In Latin America, for example, the share of professors with doctoral degrees teaching in public universities is less than 6 percent, and the share with a master’s degree is less than 26 percent. More than 60 percent of the teachers in the public sector work part-time; in the private universities the proportion is as high as 86 percent (Garcia Guadilla 1998). In the Philippines only 7 percent of the professors teaching in tertiary education institutions hold Ph. D. s; 26 percent have master’s degrees. Expansion and diversi? ation of tertiary education systems has often led to internal brain drain because low-paid professors at public institutions seek second and third jobs in extramural positions such as teaching at better-paying private institutes and colleges. As colleges, universities, and scienti? c academies in transition countries struggle to adapt to the new realities of a market economy, they are hampered by a fragmented institutional structure, characterized by a large number of small, specialized institutions and a few big universities that have a near-monopoly on teaching at high academic levels. The small institutions are not able to diversify their programs and compete effectively, and the large, most prestigious universities are often too protected by regulations and have no incentives to engage in innovation. Hungary is unique in Eastern Europe; there, a centrally initiated merger plan has reduced the number of public institutions from more than 70 to fewer than 20. In spite of the global trend toward market expansion of tertiary education, governmental and institutional responses are not always favorable to the new tendencies. For example when countries expand tertiary education haphazardly to meet increasing social demand, there is a high risk of graduate unemployment. (To mention just two countries in different regions, in Nigeria graduate unemployment is 22 percent, and in Sri Lanka it is 35 percent. ) In many countries the mismatch between the pro? le of graduates and labor market demands is most apparent among graduates in the social sciences and humanities. The Republic of Yemen, for instance, has an oversupply of liberal arts graduates, and their skills do not meet the needs of the economy. On the faculty side, this can lead to an oversupply of teachers of nonscienti? c subjects. Tertiary education institutions often lack adequate labor market information to guide prospective students, parents, and employers. In many countries of Africa the toll of HIV/AIDS is changing tertiary education institutions in tragic ways. At the University of Nairobi, an estimated 20 to 30 percent of the 20,000 students are HIV positive (Bollag 2001; Kelly 2001), and in South Africa infection rates for undergraduate students have reportedly reached 33 percent (ACU 2001). Not only have students been directly affected by the pandemic, whether suffering from the disease themselves or caring for someone at home; so too have the faculty and administration. In some instances HIV/AIDS has robbed colleges and universities of their instructors and other personnel, crippling the institutions and further reducing the countries’ development opportunities, let alone their capacity to produce local leaders, civil servants, and trained intellectuals. Zambia’s Copperbelt University is said to have lost approximately 20 staff members in 2001, and Kenyatta University in Nairobi estimates that it lost 1 staff member or student per month during the same period. Problems of quality and relevance are not con? ned to traditional universities. Even in countries that have diversi? ed the structure of tertiary education, relevance can become a serious issue in the absence of close linkages between tertiary education institutions and the labor market. Jordan, for instance, has actively encouraged the development of public and rivate community colleges. Nevertheless, the status, quality, and relevance of these institutions have become so problematic that the country experienced a decline in community college enrollment from 41,000 in 1990–91 to 23,000 in 1995–96. Lack of access to the global knowledge pool and the international academic environment is a growing issue. In many countries poor command of foreign languages am ong staff and students complicates access to textbooks and the Internet, especially at the graduate level. In countries such as Malaysia and Sri Lanka that had opted for the use of the national language in tertiary education, officials are now considering reversing this policy to improve the quality of tertiary education, especially in the basic and applied sciences. Many countries that experienced a doubling or tripling of tertiary enrollments and increased participation rates for young people in recent decades have seen the negative effects of rapid expansion on quality. Issues of quality assurance and quality enhancement have become a major focus of attention (El-Khawas, DePietro-Jurand, and HolmNielsen 1998). Many governments, whatever the size and stage of development of their tertiary education sectors, have decided that traditional academic controls are inadequate for dealing with today’s challenges and that more explicit quality assurance systems are needed. Countries differ in their approaches to quality promotion. Some have taken steps to strengthen quality by introducing new reporting requirements or other mechanisms of management control. In Argentina the authorities have introduced quality assurance mechanisms that depend on an enhanced information and evaluation system and new rules for funding public universities. About 20 transition and developing countries have developed accreditation systems, while others have established evaluation committees or agencies that carry out external reviews. In many cases independent bodies have been established. While the most common setup is a single national agency, in some countries, such as Colombia and Mexico, separate agencies are responsible for different institutions, regions, purposes, and types of academic program. Such variation in the approaches to quality assurance bodies re? cts political and cultural preferences within each country, differences in government leadership, and the varying stages of development of tertiary education sectors. The scope of responsibilities given to quality assurance systems has varied widely. Scotland and England, for example, have procedures for monitoring teaching effectiveness, while Hong Kong (China) is focusing on high-quality management processes. Some countries, such as Chile, have established systems for licen sing new institutions and certifying educational credentials. Others have directed their efforts toward rewarding research productivity, either of individual scholars (as in Mexico) or of entire academic departments (as in the United Kingdom). There is also wide variation in the extent to which quality assurance agencies have managed to address issues related to student transfer and to study abroad. Countries and agencies also differ in their concerns arising from the expansion of new modes of educational delivery, including video-based education, interactive transmission to remote sites, and, most recently, Internet-based learning. MARIFE F. GAN MEM B Change-Resistant Governance Structures and Rigid Management Practices In many countries, the governance structure and management traditions of public tertiary institutions are characterized by rigidities and a total lack of flexibility which inhibits any type of reform or innovation. In the name of academic freedom, institutions (and their individual constituents, faculty, administrators and students) frequently operate with limited accountability for their use of public resources or for the quality of their outputs (e. . , graduates, research). Ingrained institutional cultures, together with poor management practices and lack of accountability, explain some of the inefficiency dimensions identified earlier. The time-honored committee approach to management in universities suffers from lengthy, sometimes politically- laden, consensus-based decision making. It often lacks the agility for effective interaction with a surrounding corporate culture. The ownership of t ertiary institutions has often shifted from clients, e. g. society and students, to staff. The reason d’etre for some institutions has become providing employment and benefits for staff rather than being educational establishments geared towards the needs of the students. Such systems are rigorously guarded by cadres of academic leaders represented in academic councils who operate within a framework of institutional autonomy that is almost exclusively accountable to staff and academics. Academic leaders such as rectors, deans and heads of departments are not trained in management of large complex institutions. In many public universities in Latin America and Eastern Europe, reform-oriented rectors stand little chances of getting elected because they are perceived as a threat to established practices. When there is a change of rector, the entire management team is changed with the ensuing loss of institutional continuity. Often the institutional support systems do not provide guidance in terms of 12 monitoring and evaluation of the institutions’ own performance. Few institutions have a governance structure allowing for the participation of representatives of employers and civil society. Universities in countries as diverse as Russia, Bangladesh and Bolivia have no Boards of Trustees that would constitute an explicit external accountability channel. Reliance on performance indicators as management and planning tools is not a common practice in most countries. At the national level a stalemate often exists between academically powerful rectors conferences or councils and governments that continue to negotiate line item budgets seldom linked to institutional performance or national strategies, but generally reflect the needs of regional constituencies. This leads to a political rather than a professional system of management and governance. The consequence is a deficient governance system lacking flexibility and innovative capacity because programs are developed to serve the needs of existing staff rather than the country’s development goals, and lack of programmatic accountability because academic autonomy is not paired with financial and legal responsibility. In Brazil, the Law of Isonomy establishes uniform salaries for all federal jobs including those in the federal universities. Prolonged procedures at the level of the ministries of finance and education often cause delays in transfer of funds to tertiary education institutions. The purchase of laboratory equipment is also affected by such inefficiencies; by the time the equipment arrives it is often less up to date than originally intended and institutions end up receiving equipment supplies after the courses have taken place. In many countries and institutions, administrative procedures are also rigid when it comes to making changes in academic structure, programs or mode of operation. In Uruguay, for instance, it is only when confronted in the id-1990s with competition from emerging private universities that the venerable University of the Republicwhich had exercised a monopoly over higher education in the country for 150 years started a strategic planning process and considered establishing post-graduate programs for the first time. Another example of institutional inflexibility occurred in Venezuela, wh ere IESA, a dynamic private institute of business administration, had to wait several years to receive the official approval from the Council of Rectors for a new MBA program designed and delivered jointly with the top-rated Harvard Business School. Japan has also experienced severe institutional management rigidities. In response, the Ministry of Education recently decided to grant national universities corporate status and legal personality with the assurance that the independence of universities would be respected. The aim of this significant gesture was to provide national universities with more flexibility for managing the resources provided them through government grants. This represented a structural adjustment introducing market mechanism and accountability thereby obviates the need for institutions to seek government approval for their management decisions. In Nicaragua, the recently established University of Mobile from the US state of Alabama has been denied a license to operate by the Council of Rectors keen on protecting the Nicaraguan public universities from foreign competition. In Romania, CODECS, the first distance education institution in that country created in the early 1990s, initially faced difficulty getting recognition of its degrees by the national higher education authorities and opted instead for an alliance with the UK Open University an institution with degrees recognized by the same Romanian authorities. At a recent meeting of the US-based International Association of Management Education (April 2000), leaders of business schools expressed alarm at the slow and bureaucratic response of their institutions to technological advances and labor market changes. Eastern Europe and Central Asia also suffer from many similar constraints, but with a different historical context and dynamic. Following the collapse of the state socialist regimes, universities and other tertiary education institutions reclaimed their autonomy from state control. In some cases, protection from government intervention has been included in the newly revised constitutions. However, this autonomy has rarely been accompanied by corresponding financial authority or improvement in the institutions’ management and strategic planning capabilities. Even university and college leaders have tried to resist the newly gained autonomy for fear of reduced public funding. Further, line- item budgeting and limited control over revenues and savings do not provide incentives to encourage medium- term development strategies. A particular rigidity problem inherited from the Soviet system is the institutional separation of research and teaching, the former being administered and conducted principally in scientific academies. In countries with a binary system, academic doctoral training is assigned to universities whereas technical and applied (technical and teacher training) programs are assigned to colleges with very limited or no possibilities of partnership or transfer. Such a lack of integration of education and research as well as the lack of articulation between different forms of institution within national systems can seriously compromise the quality and competitiveness of tertiary education in these countries. Finally, tertiary education systems in many countries are not designed to deal with civil constituents. In some countries students can often muster sufficient political power to block entire systems from functioning over prolonged periods of time. One example of such overwhelming control occurred in 1999 in Mexico where UNAM, the country’s largest university (270,000 students), was forced to closed down for almost an entire year. The cause: a student strike in response to a proposed tuition fee increase from a few dollars to 120 dollars a year. Other countries have seen an alarming increase in campus violence which can be politically motivated (Colombia) or even the result of criminal activities (Bangladesh). In some countries of Africa, particularly West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal), strong academic staff unions have regularly interrupted the academic calendar for a year or more in strike actions designed to win them higher salaries. Such disruptions can severely damage the functioning of the institutions. Another element of distortion is cheating, which seems to have become more widespread in many settings throughout the world. According to the rector of the Georgian Institute of Foreign Affairs, for instance, â€Å"†¦ corruption has become practically a total form of existence [in the former republics of the Soviet Union]. Recent allegations of corruption in Chinese college admissions have tainted the objective process of selection of students. In Kenya in February 2002 authorities there claim to have broken up a ring within the Ministry of Education that had been producing and selling bogus university diplomas, polytechnic certificates, exam results, academic transcripts, an d even counterfeit identification documents such as passports. Finally, student democracy sometimes works against the academic interests of the very students it is intended to protect. In some systems extended campaigning and election periods for student or rector office can detract from teaching and learning and lead to inefficiencies rather than to better opportunities and improved education for the students. One example of the potential negative effects of student democracy can be seen in Nepal where classes are regularly suspended for at least a month during student elections time. In many countries, the growing dissatisfaction with interruptions from student politics at public universities has fueled the expansion of private tertiary education. While the growth in the number of private institutions can often be explained by increased demand for tertiary education, in many instances it is a reaction to the disenchantment with public universities which are perceived to be less attractive because of political agitation and resulting poor academic quality. References: * http://www. usp. ac. fj/worldbank2009/frame/Documents/Publications_global/Challenges_for_higher_ed_systemsEn01. pdf * www. ruforum. org/system/files/WorldBankEducationReport. pdf * http://www. mext. go. jp/english/topics/21plan/010301. htm